American Native/Settler&Removal Historical Time Facts Of Iowa/Illinois:

1673 - French explorers Louis Jolliet and Father Marquette explored for the King of France. They canoed down the Wisconsin River and then down the Mississippi River to the mouth of the Arkansas River. Upon the return to Montreal, Joliet's journal was lost when a canoe capsized, and our information about the expedition comes from Marquette's journal and map. They supposedly landed on the west bank of the Mississippi and met with some Native American Indians, and most people believe that site was near the mouth of the Iowa River. All the journal says is that it was near the mouth of a river.
1762 - The King of France transferred the claim to the land described above to the King of Spain during the Seven Years' War, usually known in the United States as the French and Indian War.

1824 - A treaty signed in St. Louis with the "Sac and Fox tribe" relinquished their claim to 119.000 acres in what would be Lee County. T
1830 - The "Neutral Ground" was a 40 mile wide strip of land running from the northeast corner of the state in a southwesterly direction to the upper fork of the Des Moines River. Nathan Boone, one of Daniel Boone's sons, was a surveyor on this line. The treaty was signed on 15 July 1830.
1832 - After the military expedition sometimes called the "Black Hawk War", the Sauk tribe was forced to cede land on the west side of the Mississippi River to the United States.
1833 - As a result of the treaty in 21 September 1832, the Black Hawk Cession land was open to legal white settlement after 1 June 1833.

1836 - Opening the Keokuk Reserve to white settlement increased the land area available for claims on the west side of the Mississippi River, and moved the Sauk and Mesquakie further into the interior.
1837 - With the opening of new land to white settlement, removal of the Native American Indian tribes further west was made necessary.

1845-The 3rd and last so-called "Sac and Fox" cession opened a vast area of central and southern Iowa to white settlement, and effectively removed the Sauk and Mesquakie from Iowa in a legal sense. Many Mesquakie (now sometimes spelled Meskwaki) never left Iowa when they were ordered to do so in 1845, and those that did move were unhappy on their Kansas reservation

1846-The Pottawattami Cession removed Native American Indian title to a vast slice of land in western Iowa, and led to the removal of more Indians to reservations in Kansas and later in Oklahoma.
Iowa becomes the 29th state.

1847-The Dutch settlers, a religious group led by Dominie Hendrik Peter Scholte, are only one example of the many ethnic and linguistic groups which settled in Iowa during the 19th century

1851 - The Sioux Cession removed the final Native American Indian claim to land in Iowa, in the far north central and far northwest sections of the state.

1856-. In January 1856 the General Assembly passed an act permitting the Native American Indians still in the state to remain here, particularly in Tama County.

1868-The federal government made land grants to four railroad lines this year, to begin in Dubuque, Lyons (Clinton), Davenport, and Burlington. These four lines were the nucleus of the first trans-state lines in Iowa. Although this began in 1856, the railroads were not completed until 1868, because of the interruption of the Civil War.

A bit more......

Central Illinois history

Although Joliet, Marquette, LaSalle, and others received much credit for the discovery and settlement of Illinois, Henri de Tonti was not only a moving force under LaSalle, he was truly the founding father of what was to become Peoria 300 years ago.

Born in 1650, the son of a Neapolitan banker, he joined the French army at 18. During fierce fighting at Libisso, a grenade blew away most of his right hand. With a knife, he amputated the remainder of it, and a metal hand was later attached in its place, which he usually covered with a glove. Because of this the Indians gave him the name "Iron Hand."

In 1677, Robert de LaSalle returned to France to seek support to further explore the unknown interior of this continent south of the Great Lakes. Upon the recommendation of Prince Conti, LaSalle engaged young de Tonti as his lieutenant. But before the French missionaries and fur traders came to this area, it was occupied by the Illinois (or Illini) confederacy of five tribes; the Kaskaskia, Michigamea, Moingwena, Peoria, and Tamaroa.

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 In Central Illinois:before the French missionaries and fur traders came to this area, it was occupied by the Illinois (or Illini) confederacy of five tribes; the Kaskaskia, Michigamea, Moingwena, Peoria, and Tamaroa.

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And Iowa...

Black Hawk, 26 April - 30 September 1832. A faction of Sauk and Fox Indians, living in eastern Iowa and led by Black Hawk, threatened to go on the warpath in 1832 when squatters began to preempt Illinois lands formerly occupied by the two tribes. The faction held that cession of these lands to the Federal Government in 1804 had been illegal. Black Hawk asserted he would remove the squatters forcibly and attempted without success to organize a confederacy and make an alliance with the British. Finally, when Black Hawk's followers, including some 500 warriors, crossed the Mississippi into Illinois in early 1832 and refused to return, the 1st and 6th Infantry under Brig. Gen. Henry Atkinson, together with Illinois militia, set out in pursuit up the Rock River. A volunteer detachment suffered heavy losses in a skirmish on 14 May 1832 near present-day Dixon, Illinois, and Atkinson had to pause to recruit new militia. On 21 July a volunteer force severely chastised Black Hawk's band at Madison, Wisconsin, and Atkinson completely defeated what remained of it at the confluence of the Mississippi and Bad Axe on 2 August 1832, capturing Black Hawk and killing 150 of his braves.

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Many Mesquakie (now sometimes spelled Meskwaki) never left Iowa when they were ordered to do so in 1845, and those that did move were unhappy on their Kansas reservation. In January 1856 the General Assembly passed an act permitting the Native American Indians still in the state to remain here, particularly in Tama County.
The federal government made land grants to four railroad lines this year, to begin in Dubuque, Lyons (Clinton), Davenport, and Burlington. These four lines were the nucleus of the first trans-state lines in Iowa. Although this began in 1868, the railroads were not completed until 1868, because of the interruption of the Civil War.

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