The pentagram within a circle. This ideogram has no meaning by itself. A filled version of the sign with a small circle in it, 
, is used as a symbol of war in the United States and has been used on tanks and fighter planes. This sign can be called a construction-iconic symbol for the planet Venus. This planet is the only one in our system that can clearly be identified with a simple graphic structure unambiguously derived from a plotting of its astronomical movements in space. As the orbit of 
, Venus, is closer to the sun than is the earth's, it is never seen more than 48 degrees from 
. This means that is visible as the Morning star or Evening star in the immediate vicinity of . Thus Venus can only be seen from earth just before sunrise in the morning or just after sunset in the evening. During a period of 247 days is visible as the Evening star. Then Venus comes too close to the sun to be visible from earth. Venus remains invisible for 14 days, to reappear as the Morning star, Phosphoros, Lucifer, the Bringer of Light, the Eastern star, , immediately before the sun rises in the east. For 245 days we can see each morning at dawn before it again disappears into the sun's light by getting too close to the sun. The planet is now invisible for 78 days. On the 79th evening it appears once again in the west immediately after the setting of . Venus is now the Evening star, Hesperos, Aphrodite, the goddess of beauty, fertility, sex, and peace.
If one knows the ecliptic (see 
in Group 38) and can pinpoint the present position of the planets in relation to the constellations of fixed stars in the zodiac (see 
in Group 35), it is possible to mark the exact place in the 360 degrees of the zodiac where the Morning star first appears shortly before sunrise after a period of invisibility. If we do this, wait for the Morning star to appear again 584 days later (the synodic orbital time of ) mark its position in the zodiac, and then repeat this process until we note back on point one again (six notations on five different positions in the zodiac) as the Morning star, we will find that exactly eight years have passed. If we then draw a line from the first point marked to the second point marked, then to the third, and so on, we end up with a regular pentacle or pentagram.
The following lines are taken from Zehren (see "An annotated bibliography" in Part III): "It was only the planet Venus that possessed the fivepointed star sign. Not one of the innumerable stars above us can by its orbit form this sign ...
"Moreover, the points of the pentagram pointed to five different groups of stars or constellations which were easy to remember; each had a given name ... It was only later discovered that the five points moved slowly throughout the vault of heaven as if they were hands of a giant clock ... Over a period of four years each point of the pentagram was displaced one day, a 365th part of the zodiac circle ... After 1,460 solar years the 'hands' stood at their original places. This unit of 1,460 years is the Egyptian Sothis' year and belongs not only to the god Seth-Sirius, but much more to the goddess Sothis. And this goddess was no other than ... Venus herself.
"The space of time between the first appearance of the planet Venus and its reappearance at the same place is exactly 1,460 days, i.e. four solar years, which was the calendar used in antiquity by the Greeks to measure the Olympiades (and also is the time interval between the modern Olympic Games).
"But after 1,460 days Venus becomes the Morning star if it was the Evening star at the beginning of the four years, and vice versa."
The pentagon, 
(see Group 28), can also be produced by the above procedure, with the difference that one takes into account Venus' first appearance irrespective of whether it is the Morning or the Evening star. Among those peoples who do not know that the two appearances represent one planet, we thus get two gods or divine powers, both related to the number 8 in two ways. First is visible in one of its two appearances during a period of 245 or 247 days, which is equivalent to eight cycles of the moon. It was possible
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