Finger-to-nose Under (hypometria) and over (hypermetria) shooting of a target (dysmetria) and the decomposition of movement (the breakdown of the movement into its parts with impaired timing and integration of muscle activity) are seen with appendicular ataxia. | i i
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Foot rapid alternating movements Movements are slow and irregular with imprecise timing of agonist and antagonist muscle action. | i i
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Toe-to-finger Same as finger-to-nose except for the lower extremities. For both the upper and lower extremities, it is important to always compare right versus left. | i i
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Heel-to-shin The patient with ataxia of the lower extremity will have difficulty placing the heel on the knee with a side-to-side irregular over- and undershooting as the heel is advanced down the shin. Dysmetria on heel-to-shin can be seen in midline ataxia syndromes as well as cerebellar hemisphere disease so there is overlap between the two types of ataxias for this finding. | i i
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Station Patient's feet will be placed wider apart then usual in order to maintain balance (broad or wide-based station). Midline ataxias cause instability of station with eyes opened or closed. | i i
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