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U. S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition June 2, 2000 Kinetics of Microbial Inactivation for Alternative Food Processing Technologies Table of Contents Preface Executive Summary Overarching Principles: Kinetics and Pathogens of Concern for all Technologies 1.KINETIC PARAMETERS FOR INACTIVATION OF MICROBIAL POPULATIONS 1.1.Models and Parameters 1.2.Kinetic Parameters for Inactivation of Microbial Pathogens 1.3.Future Research Needs 2.MICROBIOLOGICAL CRITICAL FACTORS 3.PATHOGENS OF PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERN 4.SURROGATE ORGANISMS TO VALIDATE PROCESSING PARAMETERS Microwave and Radio Frequency 1.Introduction 1.1.Definition, Description and Applications 1.2.Summary of Mechanisms of Inactivation 1.3.Summary of Microbial Inactivation Kinetics 1.4.Summary of Critical Process Factors 1.5.Synergistic Effects 1.6.Current Limitations/Status 2.Pathogens of Public Health Concern Most Resistant to the Technology 3.Mechanisms of Inactivation 4.Validation/Critical Process Factors 5.Process Deviations 6.Research Needs Glossary References Ohmic and Inductive Heating 1.Introduction 1.1.Definition, Description and Applications 1.2.Summary of Mechanisms of Microbial Inactivation 1.3.Summary of Microbial Inactivation Kinetics 1.4.Summary of Critical Process Factors 1.5.Other Considerations 2.Pathogens of Public Health Concern Most Resistant to the Technology 3.Mechanisms of Inactivation 4.Validation/Critical Process Factors 5.Process Deviations 6.Research Needs Glossary References High Pressure Processing 1.Introduction 1.1.Description of Technology 1.2.Equipment for HPP Treatment 1.3.Summary of Critical Process Factors 2.Pathogens of Public Health Concern Most Resistant to HPP 3.Mechanisms of Inactivation 4.Validation/Critical Process Factors 5.Process Deviations 6.Research Needs Glossary Pressure Units Conversion Factors Suggestions for standardized microbial cultures References Appendix Pulsed Electric Field 1.Introduction 1.1.Definition, Description and Applications 1.2.Applications of PEF Technology in Food Preservation 1.3.Current Limitations 1.4.Summary of Mechanisms of Microbial Inactivation 1.5.Summary of Microbial Inactivation Kinetics 1.6.Summary of Critical Process Factors 2.Critical Process Factors and How they Impact Microbial Inactivation 3.Mechanisms of Microbial Inactivation 4.Validation/Critical Process Factors 5.Process Deviations 6.Research Needs Glossary References Appendix High Voltage Arc Discharge 1.Definition, Description and Applications 2.Inactivation of Microorganisms 3.Mechanisms of Microbial Inactivation 4.Validation/Critical Process Factors 5.Research Needs Glossary References Pulsed Light 1.Definition, Description and Applications 2.Inactivation of Microorganisms 3.Mechanisms of Microbial Inactivation 4.Validation/Critical Process Factors 5.Process Deviations 6.Research Needs Glossary References Oscillating Magnetic Fields 1.Definition, Description and Applications 2.Inactivation of Microorganisms 3.Mechanisms of Microbial Inactivation 4.Validation/Critical Process Factors 5.Process Deviations 6.Research Needs Glossary References Ultraviolet Light 1.Definition, Description, and Applications 2.Pathogens of Public Health Concern 3.Mechanisms of Microbial Inactivation 4.Validation/Critical Process Factors 5.Process Deviations 6.Research Needs Glossary References Ultrasound 1.Introduction 1.1.Definition, Description and Applications 1.2.Summary of Mechanisms of Microbial Inactivation 1.3.Summary of Microbial Inactivation Kinetics 1.4.Summary of Critical Process Factors 2.Pathogens of Public Health Concern Most Resistant to the Technology 3.Mechanisms of Inactivation 4.Validation/Critical Process Factors 5.Process Deviations 6.Research Needs Glossary References X-Rays 1.Definition, Description and Applications 2.Pathogens of Public Health Concern 3.Mechanisms of Microbial Inactivation 4.Research Needs Glossary References Research Needs Glossary Bibliography A report of the Institute of Food Technologists for the Food and Drug Administration of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services submitted March 29, 2000 revised June 2, 2000 IFT/FDA Contract No. 223-98-2333 Task Order 1 How to Quantify the Destruction Kinetics of Alternative Processing Technologies Home | HACCP
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