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OTHER Things To Know: - OTHER Things To Know:
White Buffalo Calf Teachings
<http://www.dreamkeepers.net/3858/3891/Author/General_General.html>xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx H istorical Things and Past Things and people... The Ghost Dance The Massacre at Wounded Knee brought a quick end to these beliefs and an end to the Ghost Dance as a religion. From 1891-1893, James Mooney from the Smithsonian in Washington documented and photographed the Ghost Dance. For more, click here <http://php.indiana.edu/~tkavanag/visual5.html>
but be aware that Mooney, while a talented photographer, he was less careful in his documentation of the Ghost Dance, perhaps inadvertently confusing parts of this dance with others such as the Crow Dance. <http://cobalt.lang.osaka-u.ac.jp/~krkvls/lakota.html> <http://www.uv-bungalow.freeserve.co.uk/Branch/Branch%20Issue%2002.htm> Crow Dog was one of the leaders in popularizing WOVOKA's Ghost Dance
among the Lakota. Crow Dog adopted the religion from SHORT BULL. ...
<http://www.axel-jacob.de/chiefs11.html> <http://www.freepeltier.org/012804_wallace_black_elk.htm> <http://39.1911encyclopedia.org/G/GH/GHOST_DANCE.htm> <http://hotcakencyclopedia.com/ho.WovokaMessiahLetter.html> <http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/w11/wovoka.htm> xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
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People - "Geronimo" is said to have had magical powers. He could see into the future, walk without creating footprints and even hold off the dawn to protect his own. This Apache Indian warrior and his band of 37 followers defied federal authority for more than 25 years. Quotes from Geronimo
"I was warmed by the sun, rocked by the winds and sheltered by the trees as other Indian babes. I was living peaceably when people began to speak bad of me. Now I can eat well, sleep well and be glad. I can go everywhere with a good feeling.
The soldiers never explained to the government when an Indian was wronged, but reported the misdeeds of the Indians. We took an oath not to do any wrong to each other or to scheme against each other.
I cannot think that we are useless or God would not have created us. There is one God looking down on us all. We are all the children of one God. The sun, the darkness, the winds are all listening to what we have to say.
When a child, my mother taught me to kneel and pray to Usen for strength, health, wisdom and protection. Sometimes we prayed in silence, sometimes each one prayed aloud; sometimes an aged person prayed for all of us... and to Usen.
I was born on the prairies where the wind blew free and there was nothing to break the light of the sun. I was born where there were no enclosures." xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Chief Seattle "Will you teach your children what we have taught our children?
That the earth is our mother? What befalls the earth befalls
all the sons of the earth. This we know: the earth does not belong
to man, man belongs to the earth. All things are connected
like the blood that unites us all. Man did not weave the web of
life, he is merely a strand in it. Whatever he does to the web, he
does to himself. One thing we know: our god is also your god.
The earth is precious to him and to harm the earth is to heap
contempt on its creator." xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
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Historical Words - HISTORICAL WORDS From A Non-Indians
Philip F. Wells
Interpreter for General Forsyth
"During this time a medicine man, gaudily dressed and fantastically painted, executed the maneuvers of the ghost dance, raising and throwing dust into the air. He exclaimed, 'Ha! Ha! as he did so, meaning he was about to do something terrible, and said, I have lived long enough,' meaning he would fight until he died. Turing to the young warriors, who were squatted together, he said, 'Do not fear, but let your hearts be strong. Many soldiers are about us and have many bullets, but I am assured their bullets cannot penetrate us. The prairie is large, and their bullets will fly over the prairies and will not come toward us. If they do come toward us, they will float away like dust in the air.' Then the young warriors exclaimed, 'How!' with great earnestness, meaning they would back the medicine man… Whiteside then said to me, 'Tell the Indians it is necessary they be searched one at a time.' The old Indians assented willingly by answering, 'How!' and the search began. The young warriors paid no attention to what I told them, but the old men – five or six of them – sitting next to us, passed through the lines and submitted to search.
Thomas H. Tibbles
Omaha World Herald
"Nothing I have seen in my whole… life ever affected or depressed or haunted me like the scenes I saw that night in that church. One un-wounded old woman… held a baby on her lap… I handed a cup of water to the old woman, telling her to give it to the child, who grabbed it as if parched with thirst. As she swallowed it hurriedly, I saw it gush right out again, a bloodstained stream, through a hole in her neck."
Heartsick, I went to… find the surgeon… For a moment he stood there near the door, looking over the mass of suffering and dying women and children… The silence they kept was so complete that it was oppressive… Then to my amazement I saw that the surgeon, who I knew had served in the Civil War, attending the wounded… from the Wilderness to Appomattox, began to grow pale… 'This is the first time I've seen a lot of women and children shot to pieces,' he said. 'I can't stand it'….
Out at Wounded Knee, because a storm set in, followed by a blizzard, the bodies of the slain Indians lay untouched for three days, frozen stiff from where they had fallen. Finally they were buried in a large trench dug on the battlefield itself. On that third day Colonel Colby… saw the blanket of a corpse move… Under the blanket, snuggled up to its dead mother, he found a suckling baby girl." H istorical Words about the same incident from indians: Chief Joseph "If the white man wants to live in peace with the indian...we can live in Peace.
There need be no trouble. Treat all men alike...give them all the same law. Give
them all an even chance to live and grow. All men were made by the same Great
Spirit Chief. They are all brothers. The earth is the mother of all people, and all
people should have equal rights upon it. Let me be a free man,free to travel,free to stop,free to work,free to trade...where I choose my own teachers,free to follow
the religion of my fathers, free to think and talk and act for myself, and I will obey
every law,or submit to the penalty."
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Yesterday And Today - C onflict Over Indian Lands - General Allotment ActThewestern landscape, the land in question. CHS.1931.6 In 1887, Congress passed the Dawes Severalty Act, also known as the General Allotment Act. Under its terms, Indian heads of household were assigned 160-acre plots of land, while those over 18 received 80 acres. The federal government retained title to these homesteads for 25 years in order to allow the Indians to gain the skills necessary to manage their small farms and lead civilized lives. Upon being judged "competent," Indians were granted their tracts of land and American citizenship. Quite often, this rite of passage included a ceremony in which allottees recited a pledge of allegiance to the flag.
Tragically, allotment eroded tribal authority and weakened cultural traditions among people spiritually tied to the land. It further impoverished Indians because their small plots of land could not support farming or ranching, which in the West, requires large, contiguous blocks of land. Poverty, deadly epidemics of smallpox and cholera, and the loss of their homelands led many Lakotas to seek relief in the Ghost Dance, a new religious movement among western tribes. The Ghost Dance predicted the coming of a peaceful world in which Indians would be reunited with dead friends and relatives for all eternity. Among the Lakotas, Ghost Dance leaders Kicking Bear and Short Bull foretold of the day when whites would disappear from the earth, leaving Indians again free to practice their beliefs and customs. source:U.S Military History Records xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Today there are approximately 3,300,000 enrolled members of Native American tribes. This number comprises less than 1% of the total U.S. population. Approximately 440,000 of these enrolled members live on reservations.
For 500 years the First People of this land have been in decline. Today, Native Americans comprise the fastest growing segment of American society.
There are perhaps an additional 1,000,000 certifiable Native People in the U.S.A. and another possible 15,000,000 people that have some degree of Native blood. All told, some degree of Native ancestry can be found in approximately 7% of the U.S. population.
80% of Native American people live and work off reservations. In 1968, Stan Stiener wrote in his book, "The New Indians," that over 10,000 Indian people representing over 70 different tribes resided in Chicago, Illinois. He quoted one of the leaders of that community, Nathan Bird, "We don't riot, so nobody knows we are here."
POSTSCRIPT: According to the 2000 census 73,000 now reside in Illinois. Approximately 20,000 of this number reside in Chicago, Peoria, or the Quad Cities.
308 land areas in the United States exist as federally recognized "Indian Reservations." There are over 30 reservations that have state recognition but are not recognized on a federal level.
On these 308 "reservations," and scattered in various off reservation enclaves are today 557 distinct tribal communities. Contrary to popular public belief only about 30 of these communities receive any form of federal services.
Over 120 tribes, have applied for but not yet received Federal recognition. Many of these non-recognized tribes have waited decades for action on their request for federal recognition.
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WISDOM - WISDOM ..................
Cankú Lúta, in the language of the Lakota people, means Red Road. The Red Road is the Good Road of Life, the path that we aspire to walk with our children and their children, and ALL OUR RELATIONS.
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Chief Arvol explains the meaning of Mitakuye Oyasin <http://www.dreamkeepers.net/3858/3891/> xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Chief Arvol Looking Horse told a story from his people the Lakota, Dakota, & Nakota Great Sioux nation. After a great race in the Black Hills of South Dakota between all of creation the two leggeds (humans) won. The eagles offered to protect humanity by flying high in the sky to bless the earth. However they could only be held aloft if people prayed for them with offerings of tobacco, song and prayers. The prayers became weak and now eagles are found in trash pits. Since we are all connected humanity is unhealthy- we see now black clouds of viruses and disease. It is a warning from the Animal Nation to humanity that we must again pray for peace and care for Mother Earth.
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Indian Removal - --------------------------------------------
Indian removal In 1830, Congress passed the Indian Removal Act. This act was designed to free more eastern land for white settlement. It allowed the president to move the eastern Indian tribes to land west of the Mississippi River. The Indian land in the West became known as the Indian Territory. This huge reservation spread across what are now Oklahoma and parts of Kansas and Nebraska. United States military patrols supervised the Indian groups during the westward journey. According to some estimates, the U.S. government had moved more than 70,000 Native Americans across the Mississippi by 1840. Thousands of Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, and other Indians died on the journey westward.
Treaties with the United States guaranteed the lands of the Indian Territory to the Indians who had moved from the East. Eventually, however, settlers wanted that land as well, and the territory was reduced. Meanwhile, settlers were pushing into other Indian lands in the West all the way to the Pacific Ocean. The discovery of gold in California in 1848 also brought prospectors who killed the game on which many Western tribes depended. The Indians fought to keep their lands but were finally defeated. The U.S. government placed the various tribes on isolated reservations, mainly in the West
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American expansion - Although American expansion created new opportunities for millions of people, it also generated a bitter conflict with Plains Indians over the use and control of western lands. Chicago's connection to this dark chapter of western history began on April 1, 1869, when it replaced St. Louis as the headquarters of the U.S. Army's Division of the Missouri, a huge area that encompassed the Great Plains. Approximately 175,000 American Indians lived in the area, including many eastern tribes such as the Cherokee, Seminole, and Potowatami. These tribes had been removed from the eastern United States during the early 1800s by the federal government to secure land for white settlers and dozens of Plain Indian tribes like the Cheyenne, Arapaho, and Sioux, also known as Lakota.
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A History Of A Poor Farm - ReasonWe Put This Here Is To Show The Simularities Of The Poor And Indians And the treatment ebing somewhat the same... A history of the poorfarm
By Dan Gunderson
Minnesota Public Radio
July 29, 2002
Early American poor lawquite closely reflected English poor law. There were four general principles upon which most American poor law was built. First, poor relief was a public responsibility. Second, the relief should be administered at the local level. Third, anyone with relatives capable of caring for them could be denied relief. Fourth, paupers who were able to work should be forced to work. This included children. States used various methods to provide poor relief. Some sold poor people to the lowest bidder. The winning bidder was responsible for the care of the person and had total control of the pauper. A variation of the auction was a contract system where towns or counties paid individuals to provide for care of the poor. This allowed the local government some oversight of the care provided. Outdoor relief was another often used option. Towns or counties would provide money to individuals who came before elected officials to plead for assistance, if the person was deemed to be worthy of assistance. If local officials thought someone capable of working or getting assistance from family, they would often refuse to help. This system was time consuming and expensive. As poor relief developed, most states turned to the poorhouse. In rural states they were called poorfarms. Poorhouses were built in large cities as early as the American Colonial period. By the late 1800s, there were thousands of poorhouses across the country. In Minnesota, 63 of the 87 counties operated a poorfarm at some time between the 1850s and 1950s. It was thought poorhouses would be a more efficient way of caring for the poor, thus reducing cost for local government. It was also anticipated that by forcing people to go to a less than pleasant place if they wanted public assistance, many poor could be discouraged from seeking help. In some states, including Minnesota, thousands of poor people who were not U.S. citizens were deported when they asked for public assistance. (See some examples.) In rural states like Minnesota and Iowa, county officials purchased large tracts of land and established farms in hopes of using pauper labor to produce crops. It soon became apparent they would not be profitable. A 1925 federal report found much of the land lying idle. Most of the people at poorfarms were not able to work, because of physical or mental disability. Some did help out at poorfarms, caring for animals, cutting wood or working in the kitchen. Others picked up odd jobs in local communities. "In general, most of the men were a hard lot with habits characteristic of their type. Occasionally some would indulge in too many spirits and the sheriff would have to take them home, otherwise they walked both ways. The only time they were assured of a ride was election day, when the politicians would pick them up and take them home again after voting." (Source: History of Itasca county poorfarm, by Geo. Prescott.)
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Buffalo Soldiers - THE BUFFALO SOLDIERS ON THE WESTERN FRONTIER
1866: Congress Creates the First Peace Time African-American Units
The 9th and 10th Cavalries' service in subduing Mexican revolutionaries, hostile Native Americans. ---------------------------- The 9th Cavalry was ordered to Texas in June of 1867. There it was charged with protecting stage and mail routes, building and maintaining forts, and establishing law and order in a vast area full of outlaws, Mexican revolutionaries, and raiding Comanches, Cheyennes, Kiowas, and Apaches. To compound their problems, many Texans felt that they were being subjected to a particularly harsh form of post-war reconstruction by Washington, and saw the assignment of the Black troopers as a deliberate attempt by the Union to further humiliate them. As such, the relationship between the troopers and locals was often at or near the boiling point. Despite prejudice and the almost impossible task of maintaining some semblance of order from the Staked Plains to El Paso to Brownsville, the 9th established themselves as one of the most effective fighting forces in the Army. The 9th was transferred to the District of New Mexico during the winter and spring of 1875 and 76. Over the next six years they were thrust into what had been a 300-year struggle to subdue the fiercely independent Apaches. In 1874 - sparked by pressure from greedy contractors supplying the reservations, and by cattlemen, lumber men, and settlers hungry for Apache land - Washington approved a policy of concentrating the Apaches on a select few reservations
THE BUFFALO SOLDIERS ON THE WESTERN FRONTIER
1866: Congress Creates the First Peace Time African-American Units
The 9th and 10th Cavalries' service in subduing Mexican revolutionaries, hostile Native Americans.
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EVERYDAY - Every day meditate/pray. Every chance share a kindness.
Anytime respect an elder.
Any way walk in the woods, stroll on the shore,
climb a mountain. All ways co-create beauty for all to share. Always educate yourself. Continually follow your passion towards the
greatest good. Maintain an attitude of gratitude.
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